Who was served at a feast by his father Tantalus after receiving a prosthetic shoulder?

The individual served at a feast by his father Tantalus, after having received a prosthetic shoulder, is indeed Pelops. In Greek mythology, Pelops was the son of Tantalus and is known for his tragic story involving his father.

Tantalus, upon receiving punishment from the gods for his actions, chose to test their omniscience by serving them the flesh of his own son, Pelops, at a banquet. However, the gods recognized this act of hubris and returned Pelops to life, replacing his eaten shoulder with one made of ivory. This mythological detail is critical in understanding Pelops's identity and his connection to Tantalus.

Pelops later became a significant figure in Greek legend, known for his role in the chariot race against Oenomaus and as a precursor to the famed House of Atreus. The other choices listed do not share this specific story or connection with Tantalus and the unique detail of the ivory shoulder.