Which woman was transformed into a stream to flee from Alpheus?

The correct answer is Arethusa. In Greek mythology, Arethusa was a beautiful nymph who caught the attention of the river god Alpheus. To escape his advances, she prayed to the goddess Artemis for help. In response, Artemis transformed Arethusa into a freshwater spring, allowing her to flee while still being able to exist as a part of the water. This transformation highlights the themes of pursuit and transformation often found in mythological tales, particularly with regard to divine intervention.

The other choices presented do not relate to this specific myth. Calliope was one of the Muses, known for inspiring epic poetry; Persephone is primarily recognized for her roles in the seasons and the underworld; and Daphne is known for her transformation into a laurel tree to escape Apollo's pursuit. Each of these figures has their own unique stories and transformations, but they are not connected to the tale of fleeing from Alpheus.